(ENG/FR) † IOAN CASIAN: PASTORAL LETTER AT THE FEAST OF THE LORD’S RESURRECTION, 2025
PASTORAL LETTER
AT THE FEAST OF THE LORD’S RESURRECTION, 2025
† IOAN CASIAN
By the mercy of God
Bishop of the Romanian Orthodox Diocese of Canada,
to our Beloved Clergy and Orthodox Christians,
peace and joy from Christ, the Risen Lord,
and from us, hierarchical blessing!
“And the light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not comprehend it.”
(John 1, 5)
Most Reverend Fathers,
Beloved brothers and sisters,
Christ is risen!
At the beginning of the Easter vigil, we hear the call: “Come receive the light!”[1] three times. This is the invitation addressed by the Church’s clergy to the faithful, who await to light their candles from the unique torch of light that is Christ. Thus, in the middle of the night, a sea of light gradually spreads among those gathered at the Church to celebrate the resurrection of the Lord.
This call is accompanied by the singing of the troparion: “Your resurrection, O Christ Savior, is praised by the angels in heaven, and us, on earth, make us worthy with pure hearts to glorify You.”[2] From these liturgical texts, we understand that the Church, following the tradition inspired by both the Old and New Testaments, shows us that the angels in heaven represent our model of worshipers of God. They continually bring glory and praise to God, and we are called to follow their example in the same way on earth.
Thus, the central joy of the Easter night is the resurrection of Christ, the shout of joy of His victory over death. It is the proclamation of the victory of light over darkness, of purity and grace over passions and wickedness.
The event celebrated encompasses the mystery hidden since eternity and unknown to angels, revealed first through the incarnation of Christ. The Christ risen from the dead is the cornerstone and pillar of light[3] that illuminates the ages and generations, until the end of time. His resurrection permeates all creation and our lives, opening our minds to the perspective of redemption, renewal, and salvation.
Through the call “Come receive the light!”, we are invited to approach the true Light, Who is Christ the Lord, thereby following the heavenly model of angels. This means to fulfill the work entrusted by God, igniting not only the physical, material, outward light but also the inner light of our hearts, thoughts, and souls, in order to become the light of truth in the world. The light we are called to ignite is the light of the resurrection of Christ.
The community, strengthened by this call, continues by singing a few verses that clarify the miracle in which we participate: “Let God arise and let His enemies be scattered, and let those who hate Him flee from before Him!”[4] On the night of Easter, we live the event of the resurrection of Christ. The power of His Resurrection scatters the darkness of sin and death: “As the smoke is dispersed, so let them be dispersed; as wax melts before the fire, so let the sinners perish at the presence of God but let the righteous be glad!”[5]
The power of Christ’s resurrection acts against sin and those who commit it. It is not against God’s good creation and those who follow Him, but against those who hate Him and do what is unworthy. The hymn continues: “This is the day which the Lord has made; let us rejoice and be glad in it!”[6] The mystery of Christ’s resurrection happened two thousand years ago, once and for all. And this blessed night has become the day that opened in the Church and through the Church the series of blessed nights experienced from then until today, in every Easter celebration. It is the experience of a continuous presence of the resurrection of Christ in our lives and in the lives of all generations, until the end of ages.
How do we experience the mystery of the Easter night in the Church?
Every Sunday, we experience the communion with Christ and His resurrection in the present time of our lives. Each Sunday is a day of Easter. In the Matins service, we read the Gospels of the Lord Christ’s resurrection. The Sunday service is the time when, along with the disciples and the myrrh-bearing women, we find that the tomb is empty and that Christ has risen, as the angels testify.
This realization of the absence of Christ’s material body from the tomb becomes the foundation and beginning of the understanding that Christ has truly risen. During the Matins, the community sings Evlogitaria.[7] Participation in this event opens the possibility of entering the mystery of mysteries – the eternal Kingdom – lived anticipatorily but truly in the Divine Liturgy. This makes us be in perfect communion with God, through His grace, through the partaking of His Body and Blood, which brings us healing, strength, salvation, and eternal life.
The resurrection of Christ, celebrated on Easter night, represents the mystery of the light that is offered to us for renewal, transfiguration, and eternal life. Christ is the One who has illuminated, transfigured, and renewed our human nature. And Sunday is the endless day that carries us toward Kingdom of God.
How does the light of Christ become our light?
St. Simeon the New Theologian, a great mystic and seer of divine light, tells us in his hymns: “Being the hidden Sun to all mortal nature, / arise in Your own; You are seen by them / and in You arise those who were previously darkened, the squanderers, sinners, tax collectors. / For, having repented, they become the children of Your divine light (John 12:36). / Light generates light, / thus they are also light, / children of God, as it is written (John 1:12), gods by grace.”[8]
Christ as God remains a mystery. He shines in an invisible way according to His divine nature, unreachable by human nature, being the luminous abyss of divine darkness, the source and providence of all. Out of love for our humanity, He reveals Himself in each of us who receives Him, to help us grow in Him as a fruitful branch bearing good fruit. It is a reciprocal movement between God and man. Although unseen and incomprehensible, God emerges in each of us, and man grows in God.
St. Simeon the New Theologian emphasizes that this growth has a necessary condition – repentance. Through repentance, we gain access to God’s grace. If we do good works that spring from faith and participate in the uncreated energies of God, His light becomes our light. Thus, we become light ourselves.
What stops man from growing and becoming son of God?
St. Augustine says that “foolish hearts cannot receive this light because they are burdened by sins they cannot see.”[9] He draws our attention to the fact that, because of sins, we might not see the light and believe it does not exist. This blindness, however, is a result of the presence of sin that darkens man’s sight and life.
To become aware of this light, man needs to be cleansed from sin. Sin darkens the vision and makes the eye sightless. The light, which is the foundation of all, cannot be absent because without God, who is light, everything disappears. The existence and presence of God do not vanish, but sin prevents man from seeing it. Repentance, through humility and cleansing from sins, liberates our vision and helps us perceive the presence of God.
God’s presence as light remains an ontological permanence. The blindness of sin, like that of Adam and Eve in paradise, causes man to lose the knowledge and awareness of the divine presence. Sin brings suffering, restlessness, and fear. But St. Isaac the Syrian reminds us not to lose hope: “Let us not be disturbed when we are submerged in darkness (…). For this darkness is brought about by God’s care for reasons known only to Him.”[10] It is essential to understand that even in the most difficult moments, God is present and accompanies us in our trials. This is the attitude that Christ had in His trials – remaining steadfast in the dark moments of His human life. The same unwavering testimony of faith is asked of us as well.
The call from the Easter night – “Come receive the light!” – and the hymn “Christ is risen from the dead, trampling down death by death and granting life to those in the tombs!” reminds us that all of man’s hope is in the light of Christ’s resurrection.
St. Gregory Nazianzen says: “The light shines in the darkness in this life and in the human body, and is driven away by darkness but is not overcome by it.”[11] Sin seems to darken the light, but it will not succeed in conquering it. By drawing near to God and to the light of His grace, we become light ourselves – burning torches amid the darkness of sin and evil in the world.
In what way does the resurrection of Christ change our lives?
The resurrection of Christ has a profound impact on our earthly lives. St. Priest and Confessor Dumitru Stăniloae states that the resurrection of Christ “opens a content of existence from another plane, with the greatest efficiency over history. … Christ rose because He overcame through His life the weaknesses of human nature with its effects … to open access to a mode of existence surpassing a simple immanent repetition that leads nowhere, that does not lift it from the dominion of death.”[12]
The Lord’s resurrection is not merely a personal event; it fundamentally changes the course of human life and the universe. This event comes with a fundamental novelty – a life that can be deified. The humanity of Christ, through the Church, becomes our humanity. Through His resurrection, our humanity is liberated from the cycle of death and regains the perspective of eternal life.
The risen body of Christ is not only an external proof of God’s work but a source of divine life, power, and purity, maintaining us in our spiritual growth. Through Him, we are given the life-giving power and the transfiguring light of divine grace.
For the St. Dumitru Stăniloae, the human person is “a spreader of light and a seeker and receiver of light. It spreads light and aspires to ever more light. The light received consciously from other persons and things is consciously spread to other persons.”[13]
The call to take light expresses the deep identity of man, who, being created in the image of God, is thirsty for divine light. The more light we receive, the more we are called to share with others.
How does this light manifest in the human person and in the concrete actions of life?
The answer to this question comes from St. Dumitru Stăniloae: “He (the human person – n.t.) manifests communicativeness of light through word, through deed, through smile, through face, even through presence; and seeks light, especially through the hearing of ears and through the vision and reflection of the eyes. The meanings in the eyes make the whole face speak. The whole man is revealed as a dialogical and reflexive existence for this purpose. Both these properties show him to be light and an endless mystery.”[14]
Human beings have within them this dialogical and mysterious dimension that makes them similar to God. Man translates into his personal and communal life the dialogical intra-trinitarian dimension. Man is the image of God who moves toward likeness to Him. This dimension manifests itself in daily life through word and deed, through the virtues embodied in personal life and expressed in social relationships and daily concrete actions. In this way, the life of man becomes a reflection of the divine way of being, of God’s goodness.
Beloved brothers and sisters in Christ,
We find ourselves in the Commemorative Year of the Centenary of the Romanian Patriarchate and in the Commemorative Year of the Orthodox Romanian spiritual fathers and martyrs of the 20th century. We celebrate the recognition of the Romanian Orthodox Church as a Patriarchate, a journey marked by the generosity and sacrifices of our bishops, priests, monks, nuns, princes, and faithful.
The proclamation of the sixteen new spiritual fathers and confessors of faith from the 20th century reaffirms God’s presence in every generation, even in times of persecution. They were torches in the darkness of those times, offering hope and faith to future generations. They stood as pillars giving light, like the Lord Christ, amid the darkness of our times.
Let us pray to Good Lord to grant us strength and growth in faith, for their prayers.
In these days of Resurrection, let us draw near to Christ, partaking of His gift, rejoicing in the life and salvation He brought in the Church. May the joy of Christ’s resurrection transfigure the life of each one of us.
“The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit. Amen.” (Philemon 1, 25)
CHRIST IS RISEN!
Yours, with all good will and praying to Christ the Lord,
the Risen One from the dead,
† IOAN CASIAN
Saint-Hubert / Montreal 2025
___________________________
[1] Resurrection Service. EIBMO, Bucharest 2010
[2] ibidem
[3] Exodus 14, 18-20
[4] Resurrection Service
[5] ibidem
[6] ibidem
[7] hymn chanted on Sundays, commemorating the Resurrection of Jesus
[8] Hymn 8 (Z. 4) in Rev. Prof. Dr. Dumitru Stăniloae. Studies in Orthodox Dogmatic Theology. Ed. Mitropoliei Olteniai, Craiova 1991, p 352-353
[9] Tractates on the Gospel of John 1.19 in Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture (New Testament IVa. John 1-10). Ed. InterVarsity Press, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA 2006, p. 26 (col. 1)
[10] Ascetical Homily 48 in Ancient Commentary … p. 26 (col. 2)
[11] On the Holy Lights, Oration 39.2 in Ancient Commentary … p. 27 (col. 1)
[12] Rev. Prof. Dumitru Stăniloae. Orthodox Dogmatic Theology (vol. 2/ III). EIBMBOR, Bucharest 2003, p. 170-171
[13] Dumitru Stăniloae. Jesus Christ – the light of the world and the deifier of man (Complete Works 6). Basilica Publishing House, Bucharest 2014, p. 167
[14] Ibidem p. 168